Notes from the governance frontier.
On AI governance, lakehouse architecture, data sovereignty and what the ISO 42001 audit actually asks for — written by the team that builds it.
Deploying LLMs On-Premise: Architecture, GPU Sizing and Real Costs
A practical guide to running large language models in your own data centre: the hardware you need, how to size it, what it costs against API pricing, and…
ISO/IEC 42001: What the AI Management System Audit Actually Asks For
A practical account of ISO/IEC 42001: what the standard requires, what auditors ask to see, how it differs from ISO 27001, and what certification really costs.
Starburst vs Dremio vs Databricks SQL: Choosing a Query Engine
A practical comparison of three lakehouse query engines: federation breadth, on-premise viability, performance, catalog lock-in, cost model and governance.
Starburst and Trino in Azerbaijan: Federated Analytics Without Pipelines
How Starburst and Trino let Azerbaijani banks query across core banking, warehouse and object storage in one SQL statement — on-premise, without moving data.
Data Fabric vs Data Mesh: Two Answers to the Same Problem
Data fabric is a technical answer, data mesh an organisational one, to the same problem: central data teams cannot keep up. When each works, and why most institutions…
Apache Iceberg vs Delta Lake vs Hudi: Choosing a Table Format
Three open table formats, one decision that shapes your engine choices for years. Where they differ on writes, catalogs and lock-in — and why the gap narrowed in…
The EU AI Act: Obligations for Azerbaijani Companies Serving EU Clients
The AI Act reaches beyond the EU. Which Azerbaijani companies it captures, what high-risk classification actually requires, how the deadlines moved, and what to do this year.
Data Residency and Personal Data Law in Azerbaijan: An AI Compliance Guide
What Azerbaijan's personal data regime means for AI and analytics: where data may be processed, what cross-border transfer requires, and how to design systems for it.
Data Catalog: Build vs Buy
Building a catalog looks cheap because the first version is. The four capabilities that decide it, the honest three-year cost comparison, and the two cases where building is…
OvalEdge vs Atlan: Catalog Comparison for Regulated Industries
Atlan leads on user experience and active metadata; OvalEdge on on-premise viability, connector depth and cost. An implementer's comparison for supervised institutions.
Building a Data Governance Program: A 12-Month Roadmap
A quarter-by-quarter plan for a governance programme that survives year one: what to fund, who to staff, what to demonstrate at each gate, and what to do when…
What Is AI Governance? Policy, Risk and Control for Enterprise AI
AI governance is the operating model for deciding which AI systems may exist, under what controls, with what evidence. The inventory, the risk tiers, the controls and what…
Trino vs Presto: What Actually Changed and Which One to Use
Trino and Presto share an origin and diverged in 2018. What the fork actually changed, how the two projects differ now, and which one a new deployment should…
What Is Data Virtualization? Query Federation Without Copying Data
Data virtualization queries data where it lives instead of copying it. How pushdown works, where federation beats a pipeline, where it does not, and how to size a…
Air-Gapped AI: Running Enterprise AI With No Internet Egress
Air-gapped AI means every component runs with no outbound internet. What that actually requires, where sovereignty claims quietly break, and how to operate models with no egress.
What Is MCP (Model Context Protocol) and Why It Matters for Enterprise…
MCP is the open standard for connecting models to tools and data. How it works, what changed when it moved to the Linux Foundation, and the security questions…
Multi-Agent Systems in the Enterprise: Architecture and Failure Modes
When multiple AI agents are worth the complexity, the four architectures that actually work, and the failure modes — compounding error, deadlock, cost blowup — that cancel projects.
Data Catalog vs Data Dictionary vs Business Glossary
Three artefacts, three audiences, three failure modes. What each one is for, why organisations build the wrong one first, and how they fit together in a governance programme.
Business Glossary: Turning Definitions into Governed Assets
A business glossary is where governance stops being technical. How to define terms that survive an argument, bind them to physical columns, and keep them alive after launch.
Metadata Management: Technical, Business and Operational Metadata
The three kinds of metadata, why conflating them breaks governance programmes, how active metadata differs from a static inventory, and what to harvest rather than type.
Understanding Data Lineage: Column-Level Tracing in Practice
Data lineage traces a number in a report back to every source column that produced it. What column-level lineage really requires, where automated harvesting breaks, and how to…
What Is Data Governance? Framework, Roles and Operating Model
Data governance is an operating model, not a policy binder. The framework, the roles that make it work, the decision rights that give it teeth, and how to…
What Is an AI Agent? Enterprise Agents vs Chatbots vs Assistants
An AI agent pursues a goal across multiple steps using tools, rather than answering one question. What separates agents from chatbots and assistants, and what enterprises get wrong.
Data Governance in Azerbaijan: A Practical Guide for Banks and Government
How data governance works in Azerbaijani banks and state institutions: the regulatory drivers, trilingual metadata, on-premise constraints and a 12-month programme that delivers.
Data Lakehouse Architecture: Warehouse vs Lake vs Lakehouse
What a data lakehouse actually is, how open table formats made it possible, and an honest comparison against the warehouse and the lake it replaces.
What Is a Data Catalog? Metadata, Lineage and Business Glossary Explained
A data catalog indexes what data exists, what it means, where it came from and who owns it. How metadata, column-level lineage and the business glossary work.
OvalEdge vs Collibra vs Alation: An Implementer's Comparison
An honest comparison of three data catalogs from the team that deploys them: cost, on-premise viability, lineage quality, analyst experience and time to value.
Sovereign AI: Why Governments and Banks Require On-Premise Deployment
Sovereign AI means running AI entirely under your own legal and physical control. What that requires technically, what it costs, and why regulated institutions have no alternative.
Enterprise AI in Azerbaijan: Adoption, Barriers and What Actually Works
What enterprise AI adoption looks like in Azerbaijani banks and government: the real barriers, the use cases that reach production, and the ones that stall.
What Is AI Orchestration? Agents, Workflows and the Enterprise Control Plane
AI orchestration is the layer between your models and your business systems: routing, tool access, state, permissions and audit. Why an LLM API alone does not scale.